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SQL_CREATE_USER = "insert into users(email,name) values(lower($1),$2) returning id,email,name"
Name = Annotated[str, StringConstraints(strip_whitespace=True, min_length=1, max_length=120)]

class UserIn(BaseModel):
    email: EmailStr
    name: Name

class UserOut(UserIn):
    id: int

@router.post("/users", response_model=UserOut, status_code=201)
async def create_user(u: UserIn) -> UserOut:
    try:
        row = await pool.fetchrow(SQL_CREATE_USER, str(u.email), u.name)
    except UniqueViolationError as exc:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=409, detail="email already exists") from exc
    if row is None:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail="insert failed")
    return UserOut.model_validate(dict(row))

#[derive(Deserialize, Validate)]
#[serde(deny_unknown_fields)]
pub struct UserIn {
    #[validate(email)]
    pub email: String,
    #[validate(custom(function = "valid_name"))]
    pub name: String,
}

pub async fn create_user(
    State(pool): State<PgPool>,
    ValidatedJson(u): ValidatedJson<UserIn>,
) -> Result<(StatusCode, Json<UserOut>), ApiError> {
    let user = sqlx::query_as!(UserOut,
        "insert into users(email,name) values(lower($1),$2) returning id,email,name",
        u.email.as_str(),
        u.name.trim(),
    )
    .fetch_one(&pool)
    .await
    .map_err(ApiError::from_db)?;

    Ok((StatusCode::CREATED, Json(user)))
}